Cryptography is the art of hiding or concealing the information. In olden days, if a message has to be conveyed to someone at another place it was written on a parchment and sent through a messenger. During the period of war, people wanted to maintain secrecy. So they invented different techniques to hide the information written on the parchment. It is said that Julius Caesar used one such technique which uses every third alphabet to convey the intended message. Example: if the message is "apple" , the word used to represent it is "dssoh" . This technique is called "Caesar Cipher" and the resulting text is called "Ciphertext". The method of encrypting the data is called "Ciphering". The receiver of the message has to decipher the message in order to get the real message. Nowadays with the development of technology, many new techniques have been developed. Some of them are digital signatures and various other authentication technique.
